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1.
H. J. Völk 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):431-438
The dynamical and chemical effects of the Galactic Wind are discussed. This wind is primarily driven by the pressure gradient
of the Cosmic Rays. Assuming the latter to be accelerated in the Supernova Remnants of the disk which at the same time produce
the Hot Interstellar Medium, it is argued that the gas removed by the wind is enriched in the nucleosynthesis products of
Supernova explosions. Therefore the moderate mass loss through this wind should still be able to remove a substantial amount
of metals, opening the way for stars to produce more metals than observed in the disk, by e.g. assuming a Salpeter-type stellar
initial mass function beyond a few Solar masses. The wind also allows a global, physically appealing interpretation of Cosmic
Ray propagation and escape from the Galaxy. In addition the spiral structure of the disk induces periodic pressure waves in
the expanding wind that become a sawtooth shock wave train at large distances which can re-accelerate “knee” particles coming
from the disk sources. This new Galactic Cosmic Ray component can reach energies of a few×1018 eV and may contribute to the juncture between the particles of Galactic and extragalactic origin in the observed overall
Cosmic Ray spectrum. 相似文献
2.
When a micro-debris or a micrometeoroid impacts a spacecraft surface, a large number of secondary particles, called ejecta, are produced. These particles can contribute to a modification of the debris environment: either locally by the occurrence of secondary impacts on the components of complex and large space structures, or at great distance by the formation of a population of small orbital debris. This paper describes firstly, the ejecta overall production, and secondly, the lifetime and the orbital evolution of the particles. Finally the repartition of ejecta in LEO is computed. Some results describing the population as a function of size and altitude are presented. 相似文献
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旨在通过对系统构架各视角的研究,开发一个信息系统综合演化环境,从而提供针对各类系统演化特征的通用的解决方案,并利用方法论的手段规范、指导和维护系统(群)的演化活动。本文首先论述了大型系统中各个系统和组件变化及改进活动中存在的问题,分析相关的研究及面临的挑战,从而提出系统群演化的概念。然后文章概括了系统群演化的特征,提出解决以上问题的思想方法,即开发“信息系统群演化的综合环境(Synthetic environment of evolution,SEE)”,将各种演化活动纳入规范,指导系统群的演化活动;在此基础上,进一步就实现SEE的关键技术给出了描述及运用的范例。 相似文献
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本文应用奇异摄动法探讨水平面内飞机的中远程拦截问题。在介绍航迹优化的一般方法之后,通过采用三重时间尺度分离法建立奇异摄动的数学模型,求出了外层解、边界层解和一致有效的组合解,导出了以推力参数和滚转角为控制变量的最短时间拦截的最优控制律。并以F-4飞机为例,计算了拦截成功的最短时间和最优航迹。其结果可作为空中拦截实时在线优化的参考。 相似文献
6.
The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term. 相似文献
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地球非球形对卫星轨道的长期影响及补偿研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首先建立了地球非球形引力摄动模型,通过对地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道的长期影响分析发现,地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道升交点赤经和沿迹角的漂移量与时间成近似线性关系;然后推导了通过主动偏置半长轴和倾角的方法来补偿摄动长期影响的计算公式,设计了基于仿真的地球非球形引力摄动补偿方法;最后对GlobalStar星座卫星进行仿真与试验.结果表明,设计的补偿方法是可行的,摄动补偿后在地球非球形引力摄动作用下卫星轨道的长期稳定性得到了很好的保持. 相似文献
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